Carburetor



June 28, 1932.

'w. H. MANNERS ET 5|. 1,865,122

" CARBURETOR Filed July 25, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 28, 1932. w. H.MANNERS ET AL CARBURETOR Filed July 25, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 PatentedJune 28, 1932 UNITED "STATES PATENT OFFICE WILLIAM HASLAM MANNLRS, 0FKRUGERSDORRTRANSVAAL, AND NORRIS BARKER,

OF JOI-IAN'NESBURG, TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA, ASSIGNORS TO M. 8:: S.CAR-BU- RET'I'OR MANUFACTURING AND FINANCE CORPORATION, LIMITED, OFJ'OHANNES- BURG, SOUTH AFRICA, A COMPANY OF SOUTH AFRICA CARBURETORApplication filed July 25, 1930, Serial No. 470,622, and in the Union ofSouth Africa June 14, 1980.

This invention relates to carburetors for internal combustion enginesand has reference to the type of carburetor'in which a portion of thepetrol'or liquid fuel supply passage is provided by attube having a fineor narrow slit or slot through which the fuel passes before mixing withthe air to form the explosive mixture, and in which a member isrot'atably arranged in said tube and has a bevelled end, the edge ofwhich serves for controlling the supply of the fuel by coacting with thenarrow slit or slot to control the effective length thereof.

The object of the present invention is to improve 'the' construction andarrangement of the carburetor in order, inter alia, to render possible afiner or more sensitive adjustment of the elements which control thesupply of the liquid fuel, the parts which con trol the supply of air,and the parts which control the supply of the explosive mixture, or themixture of fuel and air, to the engine cylinders. The liquid fuel supplycontrolling elements are so'designed that for equal angular movements ofthe rotary member or valve, equal portions of the length of the narrowslit or slot are opened or closed.

According to the present improvements the valve,or thatelement'whichcontrols the supply of the liquid fuel, is fashioned or shaped, inoneform, with a helical edge which co-a'cts with the narrow slit or slot inthe tube, in which 'itis operatively arranged, to regulate the effectivelength of the latter. The valve is split for a portion of its length,including the portion on which the helical edge is formed, so as toensure its tightly fitting the tubular housing, and is constructed so asto extend below the slit or slot and provided with means for promotingthe flow of the liquid fuel up the passage provided by the valve to theslit or slot in the valve housing.

The valve is combined with screw adjusting means carried by the armoperating the valve. for setting the helical edge in the requisiteoperative position relative to the slit or slot, and with screwadjusting means which are adapted to be operated from the dashboard ofthelvehicle for adjusting the valve controlling means to vary theposition of the helical edge relative to the slitor slot, and by varyingthe effective length of the latter to ensure a richer or poorerexplosive ipixture being supplied to the engine cylinc ers.

The air'admission valve has screw adjusting means combined with itsoperating lever so that it can be set or adjusted as required to varythe volume of air which is admitted to the carburetor.

The levers or arms controlling the supply of fuel, and the supply ofair, and the supply of explosive mixture to the engine cylinders, areconnected through the medium of a rod or link which carries the screwadjusting means for the fuel supply valve.

The lever or arm controlling the supply of the explosive mixtureco-operates with adjustable and fixed stops for limiting its move mentin both directions, and through it the movement of the link and leverscontrolling the fuel and air supply valves.

The body of the carburetor in proximity to the elements of the fuelsupply valve 1s enlarged in cross-sectional area, so that the tubularhousing for the valve does not constrict the passage for the air.Thebody may be adapted to either up-draught or downdraught types ofcarburetors.

The rotary air admission valve and the rotary explosive mixtureadmission valve are made of such internal contour or shape as not toimpede the flow of the air and explosive mixture through the carburetorto the induction pipe.

In an alternative form of the invention the narrow slit or slot may beformed in the valve housing atright angles to the centre line thereof,and the portion of the valve which co-acts with it be constructed ofhemicylindrical shape, the valve being split for a'portion'of its lengthto ensure its tightly fitting the housing.

The invention will now be more fully explained with the aid of theaccompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a part-sectional elevation ofone embodimentof the improved carburetor.

-Figl 2 is a part-sectional plan of the same,

(ill

the plane of section being indicated by the dotted line ww in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an elevation of the carburetor.

Figs. 4L and 5 are diagrammatic views illustrating the adaptation of thecarburetor to embody different types of up and down draught.

Fig. 6 is an elevation of the valve shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is an elevation of the valve housing shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is an elevation of the alternative type of valve housing, and

Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation of the valve housing shown in Fig. 8,the alternative form of valve being shown in position therein inelevation.

Referring to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1, 2,3, 6 and 7, the numeral 1 in Figs. 1 to 3 denotes the body of thecarburetor, which on the one side has bolted to it a cylindricalextension piece 2 which constitutes the air inlet into the body 1. Thebody 1 at the other end and at the opposite side has bolted to it theinduction pipe 3, or a pipe leading thereto for conducting the explosivemixture to the manifold for leading it to the cylinders of the engine.The body portion 1, centrally of its length, is constructed at the topwith a hollow cylindrical projection or boss 4, which communicates withthe interior of said body, and at the bottom with an interiorlyscrew-threaded cylindrical projection or boss 5.

The elements of the liquid fuel supply controlling means include theouter tubular part or casing 6, the upper end of which fits in the boss4 and the lower portion of which passes through a hole in the body; itbeing flanged at the lower end and seated in the screw-threaded hole inthe boss 5, and held in position therein by means of a hollow nut orscrew-threaded plug 7 8 is the narrow slit or slot in the part or casing6see Figs. 1 and 7through which slit or slot 8 the liquid fuel or petrolpasses into the body 1, and by which it is directed towards theexplosive mixture outlet or induction pipe 3. The valve or other elementof the liquid fuel controlling means, which is rotatably arranged in thepart of easing 6, comprises two main parts 9, 10, as shown in Figs. 1, 6and 7, The one part 9 is hollow for a portion of its length and isconstructed to provide the helical edge 11 which co-acts with the slitor slot 8 to regulate the effective length thereof. This may beconstructed by boring the part 9 from the one end to a point 12. thencounterboring it to a point 13, and forming the helical edge 11 bycutting away part of one half of the counterbored portion from the innerend of the counterbore to a point 14, and forming a fine cut or slot 15longitudinally and diametrically of the part 9 from the inner end of thehelical edge to the end of the bore 12. The other part 10 of the valveis in the form of a pin made for a portion of its length of a diameterto fit the bore 12, and for the remaining portion of its length of adiameter to fit the counterbore 13. The pin 10 is fixed in the splitportion of the part 9 of the valve to one side thereof by means of asmall pin 16. By cutting away the portion of the part 9 of the valve toform the helical edge 11 a passage 17 is provided for the liquid fuelbetween the parts 6 and 10 to the back of the narrow slit or slot 8 inthe part or casing 6, and by prolonging the parts 9, 10, of the valvebelow the bottom end of the fine or narrow slit or slot 8 the flow ofthe petrol up the passage 17 to the slit or slot 8 is promoted bycapillary attraction. By splitting the part 9 it ensures its tightlyfitting the tube or casing 6 whilst allowing of its free rotationtherein to regulate the fuel supply.

The petrol from the float feed chamber 18 passes along the passage 19into the screwthreaded hole 20 in the boss 5, below the lower end of theplug 7 The petrol then passes or is drawn through the plug 7 into thelower end of the tube or casing 6, thence by the passage 17 to thenarrow slit or slot 8.

21 is a screwed cap screwed into and closing the opening in the lowerend of the boss 5; 22 being a washer for making a joint between the cap21 and the boss 5.

The means for rotating the valve elements 9, 10, includes a flanged bush23 which is fixed to the upper end of the element 9 by a pin 24. Theflange of the bush 23 is fashioned with a projection 25. 26 is theoperating lever for the petrol supply valve, which lever at its one endis adjustably mounted around the bush 23 between the upper end of theboss 4 and the flange of the bush 23. The lever 26 is constructed withtwo lugs or projection 27 which carry setscrews 28, which, at theirinner ends engage with opposite sides of the projection 25. Theset-screws 28 allow for any desired setting of the lever 26 relative tothe helical edge 11. The end of the lever 26 which is secured around thebush 23 is shown split or in the form of a clamp, so that it can besecured around the bush 23 by the set-screw 29,

after requisite adjustment of the lever 26 has been effected.

The lever 26 is constructed with a longitudinal slot 30 for adjustablyconnecting thereto means for adjusting the extent of the angular orrotary movement of the valve element 9, 10, in order to vary, asdesired, the length of the helical edge 11 which coacts with the slot orslit 8.

31 is a link which serves for connecting the 1 operating lever 26 withthe levershereinafter referred towhich operate the valve which controlsthe admission of air to the carburetor and the valve which controls thevolume of the explosive mixture which passes .naesgraa from thecarburetor to the engine. The link 31 is constructedv at the center. ofits'wlength with integral projecting. parts 32 which are angularlydisposed relative to the sides of the link. These parts. 82 providebetween their sides an angular slot or opening 33 in the ends of whichis journalled a screw 34.

35 is a retaining collaron the one end of the screw 34. The screw 34 isCOllStIUCLQd at its other and outer-end with a header enlargement 36,and beyond the-enlargement 36 it isshown squared to' fit into a couplingpiece 37 to which it ispinned. The screw 34 is rotated in eitherdirection by means of a flexible rod or wire 38 which normally will beextended to the dashboard so that it can be operated by the driverof thevehicle from his seat. On the screw'34 is mounted a nut 39. This nut isconstructed on theup'per side with projections 40 which. are adapted toslide on thesides of the partsi32 of the link 31, which parts 32,between: them, form the slot 33. The nut 39 carries a pin 41 whichslidingly-engages :in the slot 30 in lever 26. hen the flexible rod orwire 38 is rotated in one direction, the screw'34 traverses the nut 39so that the pin 41- moves the lever 26 into the desired position eitherto increase or .decreaseaccording to thedirection of rotation of thescrew 34-the angular movement of said leverpand through it the valveelement 9, 10, and so increase or decrease the effective length ofthenarrow slot or slit 8; by this means increasing or decreasing thequantity of petrol which is permitted to pass through the slitor slot 8.In this way the helical edge 11, by cooperating with a greater or lesserportion of the lengthof said slot or slit 8, determines the quantity ofthe petrol passing therethrough and commingling with the air-to form theexplosive mixture.

The rotary air admission valve 42 is operatively housed in the body 1above the air inlet branch 2. Interiorly the valve 42 is curved orrounded, as shown at 43, in Fig.1, so as to deflect or divert the airstream in the direction otand past the petrol supplyvalve tube or casing6. This internal curvature 43 has the eflect of preventing undueimpediment of the air stream. The valve 42 is constructed with a stem orspindle 44 which passes through an aperture in a cover 44a fixed to thebody'l. On the upper end of the stem or spindle 44. is adjustablysecured one end of the operating-lever 45 for the air control valve 42;the one end of which lever v45 is split so that it can be clamped aroundthe stem orv spindle 44 by a set-screw 46. 47 is a collarfixed on thestem or spindle 44 above the end of lever 45. The'collar 47' isconstructedwi-tha T-shaped arm or projection 48, having dependingportions or lugs 49 at its ends on the 'underside. 59 are. setscrewswhich arescrewedthrough holes in the lugs 49 into engagem'ent with thesidesof otherzend of thelever 45 is attached to one end of the rod orlink 81 by pin 51.

In atheextension' piece 2 a Strangler valve 52ilS operatively arrangedfor the purpose of regulating the air supply to the valve 42 forstarting purposes. The valve 52 is mounted on a. spindle'53 journalledatits ends in the piece 2. It has attached to its one extremity a lever 54which is adapted to be operated through a flexible rod or wire 55,.movable in a' flexible casing 56, one end of which is fixed in a clamp57 to the cover 44a. The flexible wire 55 (and casing 56) is carried toa convenient point on the dashboard so that it can be operated by thedriver of the vehicle to regulate the valve52'independently-of theoperating means for the petrol supply valve, and [the air and explosivemixture supply valves.

The rotary explosive mixture admission valve 58. is: housed. in theother end of the body 1 and is constructed similar to thevalve 42 inthat it is rounded or curved interiorly, asindicated at 59, so as todeflect the explosive mixture in the direction of the pipe 3. The stem60 of the valve 58 projects through an aperture in the cover61'whi'ch isfixed to the body 1. The lever 62 for operating the valve 58 is similarto the lever 45 of the air admission valve 42. It is clamped around thestem 60 at one end, as indicated at 63, and at the other end isconnected to the link 31 by means of the rod or pin 64. The link 31 isoperated through the medium of the lever 62 so that the petrol supplyvalve, the air admission valve 42, and the valve 58 which controls thesupply of the explosive mixture are all operated by a singlecontroh'fixed say on the dashboard of the vehicle, which controlincludes a suitably shaped lever 65 clamped at one-end to the end of thestem 60'below the lever 62, and a rod 66 fixed to the other end of thelever 65 by a screwed pin 67.

For the puropse of limiting the movement of the lever 62 in theonedirection a pin or projection 68 is providedon the cover 61, and an adjustablestop is provided for limiting the movement of the lever 62 in theopposite direction. The adjustable stop is shown comprising a pin 69split for a portion of its length "and threaded to receive anadjustable. screw stop 70 which is screwed into a hole in the pin 69 inthe plane of the split. 71 is a screw for locking the screw 7 0 inposition after adjustment, by forcing the split portions of the pin 69together. 7

' The body 1 of thecarburetor between the valves 42 and 58 isconstructed so thatthe passage 72 therethrough tapers from the centre inthe direction of the valves 42 and 58. By thus increasing thecross-sectional area of the passage 72, the area thereof at the sides ofthe petrol supply Valve casing 6 is the same or substantially the sameas the area of the passages communicating with the valve housings forthe air and explosive mixture valves. This obviates any constriction ofthe passage 72 and allows of the free or unimpeded flow of the air pastthe tubular casing 6.

In the operation of the carburetor the petrol supply valve, .the airadmission valve 42 and the explosive mixture supply valve 58 are eachset to ensure a supply of the best explosive mixture under normalrunning conditions of the engine. The petrol supply is increased ordecreased as required by varying the extent of the angular movement ofthe lever 26, and so increasing or decreasing the effective length ofthe narrow slot or slit 8, or that portion of the slot or slit withwhich the helical edge 11 co-operates.

In the modified form of the valve device for controlling the supply ofpetrol illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9, the tubular member or casing 73 isconstructed with a horizontal arcuate slot or slit 74, or a slit or slotat right angles to the longitudinal axis of the tubular casing 73. Thevalve member is split for a portion of its length from the inner end toa point 76, and one half of the split portion is cut away from the innerend to the point 77. In the operation of this construction one of theedges 78 of the split portion acts when the valve member 75 is partiallyrotated gradually to reduce the effective length of the slit or slot 74,and so determine the quantity of petrol that is able to passtherethrough. The splitting of the valve 0 member 75 from the point 77to the point 76 ensures the same tightly fitting in the bore of thetubular casing 73. This form of the valve device can be operated by themeans shown and described in connection with Figs. 1 to 3 of thedrawings.

The body 1 of the carburetor may be adapted to two types of up draught,the one in which the air inlet branch 2 is positioned as shown in Figs.1, 3, and 4, in which the arrow indicates the direction of flow throughthe carburetor. In the other types the air inlet 2 is correspondinglypositioned at the other and upper side of the body 1.

The body 1 of the carburetor may be adapted to two types of downdraught, the one in which the air inlet branch 2 is positioned at thetop of the body, and the explosive mixture outlet or induction pipe 3 atthe bottom of the other end of the body, as shown in Fig. 5 in which thearrow indicates the direction of flow through the carburetor, and theother in which the air inlet branch is correspondingly positioned at thebottom of the body.

What we claim as our invention and desire to protect by Letters Patentis 1. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines, means forcontrolling the supply of liquid fuel, comprising a tubular outer memherhaving a narrow longitudinal slit, and a rotatable member housed withinthe outer member and having a helical edge which coacts with the slit insuch a way that equal angular movements of the internal member open orclose, according to the direction of rotation of said internal member,equal portions of the length of the slit, the inner rotatable membercomprising an outer part on which the helical edge is formed, said partbeing slotted beyond the inner end of the helical edge and cut awaybelow said slot to form the helical edge and providing a passage for theliquid fuel, and an inner part fixed to the outer part and extendingbelow the helical edge to promote the flow of the liquid fuel up thepassage to the narrow slit, as set forth.

2. A carburetor for internal combustion engines, comprising, incombination, a body providing an inlet for the air and an outlet for theexplosive mixture, a liquid fuel supply controlling device positioned inthe body intermediate the air inlet and explosive mixture outlet, saiddevice including an outer element having a narrow slit which forms theoutlet for the liquid fuel into the passage through the body and aninner rotatable element, said inner element having an edge which co-actswith the slit to control the effective length thereof, and adjustingmeans for setting the edge of the rotatable element in the requisiteoperative position relative to the narrow slit, said adjusting meansincluding a part fixed to the rotatable element, a lever adjustablycarried by said part, and screw means for adjusting the part relative tothe lever, as set forth.

3. A carburetor for internal combustion engines, comprising, incombination, a body providing an inlet for the air and an outlet for theexplosive mixture, a liquid fuel supply controlling device positioned inthe body intermediate the air inlet and explosive mixture outlet, saiddevice including an outer element having a narrow slit which forms theoutlet for the liquid fuel into the passage through the body and aninner rotatable ele ment, said inner element having an edge whichco-acts with the slit to control the effective length thereof, and screwmeans for adjusting the liquid fuel supply controlling means to vary theposition of the edge of the inner element relative to the narrow slitincluding a lever fixed to the inner element, a screw, a nut engagingthe screw, and part carried by the nut which slidably engages with thelever, as set forth.

' 4. A carburetor for internal combustion engines, comprising, incombination, a body providing an inlet for the air and an outlet for theexplosive mixture, a liquid fuel supply controlling device positioned inthe body intermediate the air inlet and explosive mixture outlet, saiddevice including an outer element having a narrow slit which forms theoutlet for the liquid fuel into the passage through the body and aninner rotatable element, said inner element having an edge which co-actswith the slit to control the effective length thereof, a valve forcontrolling the supply of air to the carburetor, a valve for controllingthe supply of explosive mixture to the engine, a link operativelyconnecting the air admission and explosive mix ture supply valves, alever for controlling the liquid fuel supply means, and means adjustably connecting said lever to the link, said adjustable means includinga screw carried by the link, a nut engaging and traversed by said screw,means carried by the nut engaging said lever, and means for rotatingsaid screw in either direction, as set forth.

5. A carburetor for internal combustion engines, comprising, incombination, a body providing an inlet for the air and an outlet for theexplosive mixture, a liquid fuel supply controlling device positioned inthe body intermediate the air inlet and explosive mixture outlet, saiddevice including an outer element having a narrow slit which forms theoutlet for the liquid fuel into the passage through the body and aninner rotatable element, said inner element having an edge which co-actswith the slit to control the effective length thereof, a rotarycylindrical air admission valve housed in the. body, an operating leverfor said valve, and screw adjusting means co-operating with said leverincluding a part fixed to the valve spindle, which part is fashionedwith a projection, and screws carried by said projection and adapted toengage with the lever for setting or adjusting the air admission valve,as set forth.

6. A carburetor for internal combustion engines, comprising, incombination, a body providing an inlet for the air and an outlet for theexplosive mixture, a liquid fuel supply controlling device positioned inthe body intermediate the air inlet and explosive mixture outlet, saiddevice including an outer element having a narrow slit which forms theoutlet for the liquid fuel into the passage through the body and aninner rotatable element, said inner element having an edge which co-actswith the slit to control the effective length thereof, a rotarycylindrical air admission valve, a rotary cylindrical valve forcontrolling the admission of the explosive mixture to the engine, alever for. operating the air admission valve, means for adjusting saidvalve through said lever, a lever for operating the explosive mixtureadmission valve, a lever for operating the liquid fuel supplycontrolling device, means for setting said device, means for adjustingsaid device when the carburetor is in operation through said lever,means connecting said three levers so that they can be operated by asingle control, a stop for limiting the movement of said levers in theone direction, and an adjustable stop for limiting the movement of thelevers in the other direction, as set forth.

7. A carburetor for internal combustion engines, comprising, incombination, a body providing an inlet for the air and an outlet for theexplosive mixture, and a liquid fuel supply controlling devicepositioned in the body intermediate the air inlet and explosive mixtureoutlet, said device including an outer element having a narrow slitwhich forms the outlet for the liquid fuel into the passage through thebody and an inner rotatable element, said inner element having an edgewhich co-acts with the slit to control the eii ective length thereof,the body being so constructed that the passage provided therethroughbetween the inlet for the air and the outlet for the explosive mixtureis tapered in opposite directions from the liquid fuel supplycontrolling device in the direction of the ends, so that said devicedoes not constrict the passage through the body, as set forth.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification.

WILLIAM HASLAM MANNERS.

NORRIS BARKER.

